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Siege of Coria (1138)
The Siege of Coria in July 1138 was the first and shorter of two attempts to take the city of Coria by Alfonso VII of León. Coria had previously been reconquered in 1079 by Alfonso VI. It was lost to the Almoravids not long after Alfonso's death in 1109.〔Simon Barton, "Two Catalan Magnates in the Courts of the Kings of León–Castile: The Careers of Ponce de Cabrera and Ponce de Minerva Re-examined", ''Journal of Medieval History'' 18:3 (1992) 241; ''Chronica'', II, §13.〕 On the heels of a successful ''razzia'' (raid) deep into Islamic al-Andalus, Alfonso VII briefly invested the city before retiring. A second siege in 1142 was successful.
The main source for the siege is the second book of the contemporary ''Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris''.〔Written in medieval Latin, probably by Bishop Arnold of Astorga, the ''Chronica'' is an account of the reign of Alfonso VII. The second book details several of the major campaigns of ''Reconquista'' from this time. The siege of Coria is the subject of §§39–43 (the sections are numbered from one () for each book). The edition of the ''Chronica'' used throughout is G. E. Lipskey, (''The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor'' ), PhD thesis (Northwestern University, 1972), who numbers all the sections of both books consecutively (book II beginning with §96).〕
==Preparations==
Besides the knights of the royal household, the king was accompanied by the private followings (''mesnadas'') of his leading barons, such as the brothers Count Rodrigo Martínez and Osorio Martínez, and by a contingent of militia from the nearest Christian city, Salamanca.〔Simon Barton, ''The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile'' (Cambridge: 1997), 160.〕 The king also brought with him physicians and surgeons. (Possibly one of these, a certain ''medicus'' and canon of Toledo named Hugo, was rewarded by Alfonso for his prior services in 1152.〔Barton, ''Aristocracy'', 145.〕) Before investing Coria Alfonso "sent plundering companies to the city to capture the men, women and all the livestock in the fields (the walls )." The Corians responded ("bravely" in the words of the ''Chronica'') with a sally, but the plundering troops feigned retreat and led the Muslims into an ambush prepared by Alfonso, where they were all cut down.〔''Chronica'', II, §39.〕 The city responded by shutting its gates and fortifying them with timbers; Alfonso moved his camp close by the city.
The besieging forces were inadequate for the task and Alfonso sent messengers into the Extremadura and the Province of León threatening to confiscate the property of any "knights and foot soldiers () did not come () offended the emperor."〔''Chronica'', II, §40: “''Misit nuntios in omnem terram Extermature et in terram Legionis, ut tam omnes milites quam etiam pedites uenirent ad obsidionem ciuitatis, et qui non uenisset imperatorem offenderet et domus eius publicaretur''” (He dispatched messengers throughout all the territory of Extremadura and the territory of León, so that all the knights and foot soldiers might come to the siege of the city and whosoever did not come would offend the emperor and his property would be confiscated), quoted and translated in Barton, 160. Compare the translation of Lipskey, 124–25: "He sent messengers throughout Extremadura and León with instructions that all cavalry and infantry should come to assist in the blockade of Coria. If anyone refused to come, that man would greatly displease the Emperor, and his entire home would be confiscated."〕
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